Flores de bach y bullying
En los últimos años, el bullying o acoso escolar se ha convertido en un tema que no nos deja indiferentes. Los casos en Chile han aumentado, así como también las denuncias. Los colegios y los temas de convivencia escolar aparecen cada vez más en la sección de sucesos de los diferentes medios de comunicación y no en las áreas relacionadas con educación o cultura, como cabría esperar. La tecnología, que debiese servir a los estudiantes para poder facilitar sus estudios y aprendizajes está siendo un arma de doble filo. Actualmente, hablamos de lo que se conoce como Cyber- bullying.
Es un tema transversal a todas las clases sociales y tipos de establecimientos. Años atrás no escuchábamos hablar del Comité de Convivencia Escolar. Se han tenido que ir creando equipos de trabajos y programas que se focalicen en el tema.
El término bullyinf fue acuñado por Dan Olweus. Esta palabra viene del vocablo “Bull” que significa toro. Es definida como una relación de abuso entre pares. Al menos tiene que haber la presencia de cuatro elementos para identificarlo como tal: se da entre pares, implica una situación de desequilibrio o poder, es sostenido en el tiempo y por tanto constituye una relación- no una situación aislada- de abuso; y que la víctima o víctimas no tienen posibilidades de salirse de esta situación.
Las consecuencias del acoso escolar para la víctima son de profundo calado y pueden llegar en los casos más graves incluso al suicidio. En la mayoría de los casos, la víctima sufre esta situación de angustia y miedo en el más absoluto silencio, por lo que hay que estar alerta ante ciertos indicios y cambios de comportamiento en el niño.
Un escolar que está siendo víctima de acoso puede manifestar los siguientes síntomas y signos:
baja autoestima, tristeza, aspecto contrariado o afligido, miedo a ir al colegio, bajo rendimiento escolar, dificultad para conciliar el sueño, pesadillas, ansiedad, actitudes pasivas, trastornos fóbicos, depresión o trastornos psicosomáticos.
Muchas veces estos signos son llevados al cuerpo, entonces tenemos un niño o adolescente que somatiza. Tenemos que estar alertas a: los dolores de guatita, de cabeza, inapetencias, dificultades para conciliar el sueño, enuresis, etc.).
El papel de la familia y la escuela es primordial para la prevención y control del acoso escolar.
El perfil de la víctima de bullying coincide, frecuentemente, con un tipo de niño frágil y sensible, tímido y retraído, que no sabe reaccionar por vergüenza o conformismo. En general son niños con baja autoestima y pocas habilidades sociales. El niño acosador consigue, mediante amenazas constantes, insultos, agresiones o vejaciones, imponer su poder y tener a la víctima bajo su completo dominio, destruyendo su autoestima, confianza, seguridad y libertad.
Todos estos desequilibrios emocionales ocasionados por el acoso escolar, pueden ser abordados ecológicamente desde la Terapia Floral del Dr. Bach.
La Terapia Floral no pretende, en ningún caso, sustituir ningún otro tratamiento, al contrario, es una terapia complementaria al tratamiento psicológico, psicopedagógico, etc.
Dentro del Sistema floral existen remedios especialmente indicados para reconstruir la autoestima y la propia confianza (Larch), ayudar a expresar los miedos y restablecer la capacidad de enfrentarse a las situaciones (Mimulus), reconocer los pensamientos angustiantes y pedir ayuda (Agrimony), fortalecer la personalidad y aprender a negarse y a no someterse (Centaury), reducir la presión interna y los pensamientos de suicidio (Cherry Plum), atender estados de terror, pánico y pesadillas (Rock Rose), sentimientos de culpa y no merecimiento (Pine), tristeza profunda, depresión y desmotivación (Mustard), angustia mental extrema, angustia existencial (Sweet Chestnut), entre otros.
Cada niño, en función de su propia personalidad y la forma en que reacciona ante lo que le sucede, necesitará una combinación de remedios específica. No existen fórmulas genéricas, de hecho los remedios deberán ir adaptándose a los diferentes cambios emocionales del niño en el transcurso de las visitas.
En Clínica Murano, contamos con Andrea Cienfuegos como psicológa especialista en bullyng y flores de bach.
58 comments
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